The 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami killed … A tsunami was generated which caused substantial damage and loss of life in Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga. [ NOAA ] On an idyllic Monday night in 2009, the palm-lined coasts of the American Samoa, Samoa, and Tonga Islands looked peaceful and serene. [11] The main electricity generator in Satala had been damaged, which knocked out power from the central village of Faga'alu across Tutuila to the eastern village of Onenoa. [47], In the Marquesas Islands, some bays were nearly emptied of their water before a wave crashed back in and refilled the area. "[18], Twenty villages on Upolu south side were reportedly destroyed, including Lepa, the home of Samoa's Prime Minister[19] Tuilaepa Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi. But by early Tuesday morning, residents and tourists were struck a devastating blow when a massive earthquake hit 120 miles off the coast of the islands, triggering a tsunami that killed hundreds. He "also witnessed looting in one of the stores".[10]. [22] The Samoa tsunami of September 29, 2009, was the fifth tsunami studied by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field teams in 15 years, and yet it presented many surprises. [37], The main impact in Tonga was in the northern part of the island kingdom where there were deaths, injuries and extensive damage[38] on Niuatoputapu, a flat coral island[39] 500 km north of the main island Tongatapu, and reportedly closest to the epicentre of the earthquake. 2009年サモア沖地震（2009ねんサモアおきじしん）は、2009年 9月29日にサモア諸島で発生した地震である [3]。発生時刻はサモア時間午前6時48分（日本時間午前2時48分）、震源地はサモアの首都アピアの南沖190km、震源の深さ18km、モーメントマグニチュード(Mw)8.1 [4] [5] [6] An effective tsunami warning system relies on the free and open exchange and long-term management of global data and science products to mitigate, model, and forecast tsunamis. De aardbeving bij de Samoa-eilanden op 29 september had een kracht van 8,0 Mw en vond plaats om 06:48:11 lokale tijd (17:48:11 UTC). [5] The quake occurred on the outer rise of the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone. Het was de grootste en zwaarste aardbeving van 2009. These included EERI member and dation. The earthquake generated tsunami waves of up to 22 meters (72 feet) that engulfed the shores, killing at least 192 people; 149 in Samoa, 34 in American Samoa, and 9 in Niuatoputapu, Tonga. [72] Warnings also remained in Tuvalu, one of the lowest lying countries in the world.[72]. 09/29/2009 Earthquake in Samoa (Samoa Islands) with a magnitude of 8.1. [34], There were no reports of any damage to Vavaʻu island group or to the main island of Tongatapu, where the capital, Nukuʻalofa, is. [40] A Tongan government spokesman Alfred Soakai said 90% of homes had been destroyed as well as serious damage to the hospital. Samoa Islands Tsunami on Sep. 29, 2009 We have simulated the tsunami generated from the the Samoa earthquake (15.509 S, 172.034 W, Mw = 8.0 at 17:48:10 UTC according to USGS) on September 29, 2009… 5 | ReliefWeb", "Up to six NZers feared dead in tsunami – National – NZ Herald News", "Tonga Airports Limited – Airport Info > Niuatoputapu – Mata'aho Airport", "Teams arrive on Tonga's Niuatoputapu at epicentre", "The death toll on a remote Tongan island has risen to nine", "Teams reach Tongan victims – Samoa tsunami – NZ Herald News", "Service held in Tonga for tsunami victims", "Seven confirmed dead from tsunami in Tonga", "Papeete measures 5 small waves during tsunami red alert", "French Polynesia will help islands hit by tsunami", "Surfer survived Samoa tsunami by riding out the waves", "PM John Key to view Samoan damage | Stuff.co.nz", "Tsunami toll could have been worse: Samoan PM – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)", "EC announces aid for Samoan tsunami victims – Foreign", "NZ Red Cross Aid Worker And Equipment to Samoa", "LDS Church continues Samoan relief efforts | Deseret News", "National Next of Kin Registry (NOKR) offers assistance", "ADRA NZ » Blog Archive » Samoa Disaster: ADRA Visits Villages, Meets Survivors", "Samoa appeal closes topping $3.5 millon", "Oxfam sets up rapid response emergency fund for Samoa", "Tsunami Claims Lives in Samoa, Warning Called Off for Most Countries in Region", "TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 001 – PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWS – ISSUED AT 1804Z SEP 29, 2009", "Quake, tsunami near American Samoa kills at least 22", "Highest tides expected near Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo as tsunami advisory prompts L.A. beach closures", "Earthquake List for Map of S Pacific Region", A family devastated by the tsunami – full interview, Tsunami stories of luck and sorrow at airport, Tsunami Animation: Samoan Islands, 29 September 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami&oldid=969179663, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from June 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Aid funds are also being organised by the. According to the May 5 U.S. Drought Monitor, moderate to extreme drought covers 13.4% of the United States including Puerto Rico. NCEI is the global data and information service for tsunamis. Honolulu: International Tsunami Information Center. [15] The USS Ingraham (FFG-61) was en route to American Samoa and was the first U.S. military asset to arrive and assist in the recovery efforts. [57], Other aid came from concerned individuals and groups throughout the world, namely New Zealand, Australia, the United States and Canada. The 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami took place on 29 September 2009 in the southern Pacific Ocean adjacent to the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone.The submarine earthquake occurred in an extensional environment and had a moment magnitude of 8.1 and a … It was possible that a strongly decreased wave could reach Hawaii. In the main villages of Hihifo, Falehau, and Vaipoa, flow heights measured 4 to 7 meters. Reliant on remittances and tourism, the economy of Samoa shrunk by 5.2 percent in 2009, as things got tougher in sending countries, and the nation’s only major manufacturer—an automotive components plant—laid off more than 1,550 workers. [73] Officials were determining whether the tsunami could reach Hawaii, the center said. In this region, the Pacific plate subducts westward beneath the Australia plate at the Tonga Trench. According to the October 16 U.S. Drought Monitor, moderate to exceptional drought covers 20.5% of the United States. The tsunami generated by the earthquake of September 29, 2009 was destructive along the coasts of Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga. Australia sent teams of paramedics, doctors, nurses and search and rescue specialists with essential supplies like tents and medicine. Power outages were reported, and phone lines were jammed. [11] The water division of the American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) announced that it will bring water in tanker trucks to affected villages. These were distributed within the islands by RNZAF Bell UH-1H helicopters. [18] Journalist Cherelle Jackson reported that the city quickly emptied in the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami, "All the schools, workplaces everyone has walked up – it's like a ghost town. [43] A new school building remained standing and provided some shelter. There were more than 40 total aftershocks with a magnitude greater than 5.0 in the 48 hours after the mainshock. [11] The Satala electrical plant may be out of service for a month or more until repairs can be made, with the American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) stating that power will be out indefinitely. 1 doctor, 2 nurses and one logistics expert, all members of our emergency medical staff will carry a total of 600 kg [sic] of medical material that will be dispatched locally by the FRANZ authorities. It resulted in many deaths and left tousands of people homeless. Le séisme de 2009 aux Samoa est un séisme intra-plaque[1] qui s'est produit le 29 septembre 2009 à 17 h 48 min UTC (6 h 48 min heure locale), à environ 200 km au sud-ouest d'Apia, la capitale de l'archipel des Samoa, avec une magnitude de 8[2], suivi d'un tsunami qui a touché les îles Samoa et Tonga. [72], A tsunami warning remained in effect for the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, as five main waves were expected to strike that archipelago. [52][53][54] The New Zealand government also pledged over NZ$12 million for relief efforts.[55]. Global historical tsunami data, including more information about the Samoa Islands 2009 earthquake and tsunami, are available via interactive maps and a variety of web services. [11], A Radio New Zealand International correspondent reported that the center of Pago Pago, the largest city in American Samoa, had sustained heavy damage in the tsunami, with its main street flooded, cars overturned, and shoreline businesses damaged. Also, visit NCEI’s Natural Hazards website for more earthquake and tsunami data, images, and educational materials. [47], The Colombian Navy training ship Gloria, also left Papeete Harbor in Tahiti once the warning was issued as a precaution. A tsunami triggered by a strong quake in the South Pacific has killed more than 100 people in several islands. According to the June 20 U.S. Drought Monitor, moderate to extreme drought covers 7.0% of the contiguous U.S. And the tsunami struck exactly when Samoa was already facing the full force of the global economic crisis. [47] Five small tsunami waves, measuring 25–70 cm (10–28 in) were recorded off the coast of Papeete, Tahiti, between 11:10 am and 12 noon local time on Tuesday. [11] Residents were warned to conserve and boil water until safe drinking water supplies can be restored, which could take some time. [16][17], Samoa evacuated people from the entire city of Apia, the country's capital city on the island of Upolu and moving thousands of residents to higher ground. Starting in 2007, Samoa ran National Tsunami Drills in Apia to prepare for tsunamis, raising public awareness that during a worst-case scenario, villages would have only 15 minutes before the tsunami arrived. Widespread damage was reported to the infrastructure at Pago Pago, American Samoa, in many parts of Samoa and on Niuatoputapu, Tonga. [47] Boats in the region immediately left port once the warning was issued. [11], U.S. President Barack Obama declared a major disaster for its dependent territory, American Samoa, allowing federal funds to be used for rescues, life support, and public health and safety measures. [51] Air New Zealand arranged for larger Boeing 777 aircraft to carry in relief workers and evacuate tourists to Auckland, and fly the Samoan Prime Minister back to his country. A total of 192 humans died. 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami Tonga Trench south of the Samoa Islands and north of New Zealand. [11] A new power plant at Satala is expected to be commissioned on 25 May 2017. The United States sent the US Navy frigate USS Ingraham, two US Air Force C-17 Globemaster III aircraft from the 154th Wing, and 90 members of the Hawaii National Guard to American Samoa to assist in the relief efforts there. Since the earthquakes occurred so close in time, scientists have not been able to distinguish which earthquake occurred first, or which caused a bigger tsunami. United States Geological Survey. In 2017, UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) recognized Samoa’s first UNESCO IOC Tsunami Ready community, a pilot project that recognizes tsunami mitigation, preparedness, and response activities. [9] He told reporters that because of the tight knit communities and strong family bonds, "I don't think anybody is going to be spared this disaster. American Samoa Governor Togiola Tulafono was in Honolulu, Hawaii for an ocean policy conference at the time of the tsunami struck. [58], A tsunami warning was initially issued for American Samoa, Samoa, Niue, Wallis and Futuna, Tokelau, the Cook Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Kiribati, the Kermadec Islands, Fiji, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, New Zealand, French Polynesia, Palmyra Island, Vanuatu, Nauru, Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands. The 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami took place on 29 September 2009 in the southern Pacific Ocean adjacent to the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone. The devastation extended beyond human casualties with houses destroyed, cars swept out to sea and some villages being virtually annihilated. Most large earthquakes occur in subduction zones, where one plate of Earth’s crust dives beneath another plate. The submarine earthquake occurred in an extensional environment and had a moment magnitude of 8.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). However, the events of September 29 involved a magnitude 8.1 earthquake on a normal fault within the outer rise; and the other magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurred on the subduction zone as a thrust event. These include Coconuts Beach Resort[25] and Sinalei Reef Resort and Spa[26] in the village of Siumu. [27], The eastern part of the island remains without power or water supplies after the earthquake. Abstract—On September 29, 2009, an Mw = 8.1 earthquake at 17:48 UTC in Tonga Trench generated a tsunami that caused heavy damage across Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga islands. Both resorts published tsunami updates on their websites. [46] Tonga's acting Prime Minister Lord Tuita said the government is sending a second plane to Niuatoputapu, but that communication links have been damaged. With over 30 deaths in the U.S. territory of American Samoa, the 2009 event caused the largest number of deaths in America due to a tsunami in the 21st Century. [47], French High Commissioner Adolphe Colrat warned residents of the Marquesas to seek shelter at an elevation of at least 10 m (33 ft) above sea level. It was the largest earthquake of 2009. SYDNEY, Australia — A powerful tsunami generated by an undersea earthquake on Tuesday has killed at least 89 people and wiped out several villages on … Oxfam New Zealand set up a rapid response emergency fund at their website. Media in category "2009 Samoan Islands tsunami" The following 34 files are in this category, out of 34 total. People took precautions in the low-lying atolls of Tokelau and moved to higher ground. [29] The cliffs above Lalomanu were scoured out to a height of 10–15 m (33–49 ft).[30]. [46], The government appealed for clothing and bedding donations for residents in Niuatoputapu. The 2009 Samoa tsunami was caused by three earthquakes occurring within minutes of each other. The 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami took place on 29 September 2009 in the southern Pacific Ocean adjacent to the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone. [77][78] Shocks with magnitude 6.0 or higher are highlighted in light blue. Concern centered on the Marquesas Islands, the northernmost archipelago in French Polynesia. Tutuila island, which is located 250 [47] The alert for the Marquesas Islands was extended 2:50 pm until the threat had passed. [9] Other media had earlier reported 10 people killed in Tonga. [46] Earlier, a government plane sent to the island could not land due to tsunami damage at Niuatoputapu Airport, which had been forced to close. Approximately 192 families were left homeless and the homes of 143 additional families were damaged in the tsunami in the villages of Hihifo, Falehau and Vaipoa. [72] Officials in the Cook Islands, which hosted the 2009 Pacific Mini Games, noted that the tsunami passed without any damage to the country. A United Nations coordinator was scheduled to travel to Tonga to support early recovery initiatives in areas such as 'health, sanitation, water, infrastructure, psychological support, agriculture and fishing'. With over $200 million dollars in damages, the islands were ravaged both physically and economically. Lieutenant Governor Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia announced that the earthquake had caused severe damage to American Samoa's electrical infrastructure. Large waves with no major damage were reported on the coasts of Fiji, the northern coast of New Zealand[7] and Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. Luckily, many of the residents were able to evacuate to higher places during the first and second smaller waves. September 2009 um 17:48:10 Uhr UTC (6:48:10 Uhr Ortszeit). The deadly 2009 tsunami was triggered by at least two separate earthquakes occurring within 2–3 minutes of each other near the Tonga Trench, National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, Historical Tsunami Effects near the Tonga Trench Poster, U.S. Drought Monitor Update for May 5, 2020, U.S. Drought Monitor Update for June 20, 2017, U.S. Drought Monitor Update for October 16, 2018, U.S. Drought Monitor Update for December 26, 2017. In 2012, American Samoa received TsunamiReady recognition, from the NOAA National Weather Service. According to the December 26 U.S. Drought Monitor, moderate to extreme drought covers 26.4% of the contiguous U.S. Reference: Kong, L., P. Dunbar, and N. Arcos (2015). The death toll on the island has risen to nine. [46], Relief efforts undertaken by the Tongan government and Red Cross focused on Niuatoputapu, with support from Australia, New Zealand and France. [49], Following the 1st anniversary of February 2011 earthquake memorial in Christchurch, a memorial dedicated to the tsunami victims was erected in the village of Leone American Samoa on 25 February 2012. Samoan Prime Minister Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, and his Deputy Prime Minister Misa Telefoni Retzlaff were in Auckland, New Zealand, at the time of the earthquake. Das Hypozentrum des untermeerischen Bebens lag in 18 km Tiefe, etwa 190 Kilometer süd-südwestlich der Insel Upolu (Samoa) und rund 180 km südwestlich der Insel Tutuila … [9] The water flowed inland about 100 yd (100 m) before receding, leaving some cars stuck in the mud. The island is isolated with a population of around 1,000 people. Doordat de aardbeving plaatsvond op 33 km diepte, ontstond er een tsunami. The earthquake was felt in American Samoa for up to 3 minutes, giving emergency responders, local government officials, and the public time to respond to natural warning signs because they understood the threat. New Zealand Prime Minister John Key arrived in Samoa on 3 October and visited some of the most damaged areas on Upolu including the villages of Poutasi and Lalolamu. Countries affected by the tsunami in the areas that were hit are American Samoa, Samoa and Tonga (Niuatoputapu) where more than 189 people were killed, especially children, most of them in Samoa. [34], On 2 October 2009, an estimated 3000 people were homeless and seeking refuge in shelters set up around the worst-affected villages. [9] Damage to the National Park's natural reserves and the destruction of its visitor center and main offices have been reported, while only 20% of the park's 40 to 50 employees and volunteers had been found. But by early Tuesday morning, residents and tourists were struck a devastating blow when a massive earthquake hit 120 miles off the coast of the islands, triggering a tsunami that killed hundreds. (2009, September 29). The tsunami also reached American Samoa, Samoa, Wallis and Futuna, , United States. [35] New Zealand's Minister of Foreign Affairs Murray McCully visited Apia to co-ordinate New Zealand's emergency relief effort. [44], Other reports outlined coastal damage from a 13-foot (4.0 m) wave on the islands. In 2009, about 950 people lived on Niuatoputapu. Also, basic needs and basic commodities, including electrical generators, medical supplies, and pharmaceutical drugs were sent out, and multiple planes are being prepared for more cargo and personnel, including FEMA, HHS, and Coast Guard staff and experts from the Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Red Cross. The United States said federal aid would be made available to combat the devastation. References & Resources Foley, M. (2009, September 30). Prime Minister Malielegaoi lost two relatives in the tsunami, including the daughter of one of his nieces. A large tsunami was induced due to an M8.3 earthquake generated in a subduction zone off Samoa Islands in the South Pacific Ocean, at 6:48 on 29 September 2009 (local time). The cargo and passenger ship Aranui 3, which had been docked in Taiohae Bay on Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas, the area most impacted by a small tsunami wave, immediately evacuated the bay for open water. Samoa Earthquake and Tsunami of September 29, 2009 Multiple reconnaissance teams traveled to Samoa in October and November 2009, and contributed to the preparation of this report. "[dead link][12] Tulafono departed Hawaii for American Samoa on a United States Coast Guard supply flight from Honolulu on the evening of 29 September. [48], The Guardian reported 189 deaths; 149 in Samoa, 31 American Samoa, 9 Tonga (2 October 2009). At least 77 people were reported dead in … [32], The Prime Minister made his first address to the nation, after the tsunami, on 1 October. Leone a small village on a bay was particularly hard-hit. Story Highlights At least 111 dead in Samoan islands and Tonga after Pacific tsunami Officials fear death toll will rise as rescue workers reach outlying villages Magnitude-8.0 … Xinhua, [New Zealand to provide 2.9 mln USD extra aid to Samoa New Zealand to provide 2.9 mln USD extra aid to Samoa], The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "tvnz.co.nz-Search continues as death rises", "Samoa tsunami toll may exceed 100, hundreds injured", "Search for bodies continue, death toll rises in South Pacific | NATIONAL News", "Waves hit Tonga, damage but no casualties", "Tsunami toll expected to rise in Samoan islands", "American Samoa governor says tsunami death toll could rise", http://www.talanei.com/2017/04/07/commissioaing-date-for-satala-power-plant-may-25th/, "President Declares Major Disaster For Territory of American Samoa", "Federal Coordinating Officer Lands in American Samoa", "Hawaii Guard, Navy bound for American Samoa", "Ingraham Contributes to Navy's HADR mission", "At least seven dead after quake, tsunami hit Samoa", "Tsunami smashes Pacific islands, over 100 feared dead", "Searching ruins for reason to live after the tsunami", "Two Australians dead, grave fears for others as Samoan tsunami toll rises", "Residents flee tsunami after strong quake in Samoa", "Talofa Lava – Welcome to Sinalei Reef Resort & Spa", "Sa'Moana Resort, South Coast, Upolu Island", Quake triggers deadly tsunamis in Pacific, "Tsunami Sweeps Through Pago Pago;63 Dead", "Samoa's Prime Minister in grief as nation mourns", "Samoa: Samoa/Tonga: Tsunami OCHA Situation Report No. Essential supplies like tents and medicine New Caledonia and the village of Siumu 2012, American Samoa and... 6:48 a.m. Samoa Standard Time System: a Half-Century of Protecting the Pacific plate subducts westward beneath the Australia at. 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