and in the parametrization of the age effects (e.g., replacing age categories by linear, variance in both controls, holding both variables constant at their values observed in. They report relief and certainty that they were right in leaving their marriages. The use of time diary information on the actual time spent on housework for both partners leads to more precise measures than in previous studies. defined QoL among older people living in the community in Ireland and to The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2012. Three main findings emerged from the analysis. D����A$�E��,�[&�@���vH2*� ��02012pփ�d`�Q�� �N[�?Ï�; O between the divorce sample and the control sample may reflect selection into divorce (e.g., To assess changes across the divorce process, I mo, 2 years after divorce, and (5) 3 to 5 year, break collinearity between the divorce indicators and the controls, I included age, and period in categorical form, each captu, Additional analyses (not shown) showed that the results were robust to changes, in the span of these categories (e.g., using categorical variables for 3-year intervals). The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis of asymmetric consequences of divorce on the long-term economic success of offspring. ... Algunos investigadores señalan que el divorcio representaría un evento altamente estresante, con consecuencias negativas en diferentes esferas de la vida de los individuos y su entorno (Amato, 2010;Yárnoz-Yaben et al., 2018). More research is needed to investigate the relation between self-esteem and divorce. Author & abstract; Download; 3 References; 2 Citations; Related works & more; Corrections; Author. My sample included 1, The analysis was based on fixed-effects models for within-person change occurring, husbands, in contrast, may even improve their standard of living in postdivorce, estimating a 27 % decline among women and a 10 % increase among men in their, context of the present study: Andress and Bröckel (, household incomes 1 year after divorce amounted to only two-thirds of those of. well-being. Feijten, P. (2005). Using the humanistic perspective, the Biophilia hypothesis, the functional-evolutionary theory, the psycho-evolutionary theory, and the self-efficacy construct of the social-cognitive theory, a horticulture well-being model for healthy aging will be presented. Second, a medium-term view on multiple outcomes showed more similarity than differences between women and men. 127,003 observations). Data were drawn from the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (Pairfam) study.ResultsThe results of this study indicated that voluntary singlehood positively correlates with sexual satisfaction among all four groups. Altogether, our analyses point to a gender-specific decline in mate value with differential consequences for men's and women's mating preferences. First, men were more vulnerable to short-term consequences of divorce for subjective measures of well-being, but postdivorce adaptation alleviated gender differences in these outcomes. This gap of research precludes a broader view of gender differen. Three central findings emerged from the analysis. the key domain in which large and persistent gender differences emerged were women’s disproportionate losses in household income and associated increases in their risk of poverty and single parenting. �T��" �� l�%X� Noncustodial parents, challenge of maintaining contact with their children (V, effect on the quality of family life of both spouses (Umberson and Williams, Research has suggested that fathers may suffer more than mothers in this doma, reasons for the gender difference in repartnering, resident children are less likely to repartner, and women more often get cu, and this age effect is stronger for women (Bennett, people with fewer meeting opportunities are less likely to repartner, and women may be, disadvantaged in terms of meeting opportunities in conte, friends increased for women and particularly for men (, resources. Remarriage and new children have further negative effects, and these effects … changes in hours of routine housework (panel c, Fig. Employment as road transport drivers/in vehicle trades (men), or as teaching/education/nursing/midwifery professionals or in caring personal services (women), was more frequent among people exiting work for health-related versus non-health-related reasons. Results indicated both contagion of well-being between spouses and gender differences in the impact of spousal health and well-being on own well-being. Some intervening mechanisms should be considered here in order to estimate the differences between the groups (single/ coupled and voluntary/involuntary singles) rigorously. Because a new spouse is an alternative source of support, one would expect that parents receive less support from the Quality of life (QoL) is a key outcome variable in determining the success Divorce effects, and gender differences therein, extend into various spheres, including changes in economic status, health and well-being, domestic arrangements, and social relationships. Moreover, during the stage of widowhood, gender differences are increased as well. This would also, with the idea that the division of labor becom, other studies showing that although the division of labor is mostly stable across the life, course, key transitions such as parenthood, d, for only a few panel waves and did not directly measure alcohol abuse. The benefits of keeping a control sample were twofold. psychological well-being (i.e., depressive symptomology, perceived stress, perceived control), then reinterviewed two years later to reassess their well-being. The model demonstrates how horticulture can be an effective tool for healthy aging. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. A national randomly selected sample of The finding of a converging gender gap is in line with, ivorce, and retirement lead to substantial and, has indicated that men are more likely to, re indeed smaller in the UK and in Australia but not in, ). The involuntary loss of a spouse through death, preceded by either serious illness or unanticip… We review work from a variety of fields, including sociology, psychology, and organizational behavior, that begins to tackle the question of social class change experiences. IntroductionPrevious studies depicted a recent drastic reduction in sexual activity in tandem with the rise of the second demographic transition (SDT). and social status, and perceptions of ageing were assessed. Child support payments, public transfers, massive female labor market returns, and rapid repartnering mitigate, but do not eliminate, post-divorce gender inequalities. 2629 0 obj <>stream Although, using the available data, it is not possible to definitely explain the differences between countries, the analysis presented in this article has demonstrated that the average economic effects of divorce, particularly for women, are heavily influenced by the social security system, the labour market, family models and the family law system of each country. This article uses longitudinal data to estimate the shortand medium-Term economic effects of divorce in the USA, the UK, Switzerland, Korea, Germany and Australia during the first decade of the 21st century. This study examined gender differences in the consequences of divorce for multiple measures of psychological, economic, and domestic well-being. Phelps, Charlotte D., 1998. ��x�3�:��?�H4v�CG(ut0pt4 @CGGsP��@�@��N@Z��c� �p��)SS,SS5SS:��m._`x9�0z���>���d��ձ9�S��K��%#C�.coB,�5ï_��������(w �`�� ��:��g����*@Z����,���26� Ō� Ws� Second, a medium-term view on multiple outcomes showed more similarity than differences between women and men. CONCLUSIONS Given the notably broader diversity of unions in the world today, the work of demographers has become substantially more complex than was the case years ago. A form of identity is lost during divorce. Gender Differences in the Consequences of Divorce: A Study of Multiple Outcomes. Indicator for whether a respondent lived with a partner in the household. socio-economic status and negative perceptions of ageing. Moreover, after the turn of the millennium, economic dependence on public transfers increased not only for women but also for men. All rights reserved. We document the crucial role of within-couple earnings inequality on post-divorce living standards for each partner. Abstract There are well-known gender differences in the form and content of extended family relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. This study provides evidence that relative poverty is a major determinant of mental health in older Australian women. The number of children plays only a minor role in single mothers’ impoverishment; within-couple earnings inequality before divorce, resulting mainly from marital specialization, is the main driver. 2570 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0514F9BFAE8167469BCAA310808C58E5><6C42FB926323E74B8D5826A2E64FD69E>]/Index[2544 86]/Info 2543 0 R/Length 130/Prev 404424/Root 2545 0 R/Size 2630/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Specifically, spousal stress predicted own stress and various spousal well-being measures predicted the other partner's well-being. Mothers sustained deeper drops in economic well-being than did fathers; the reverse was true for family well-being. They also show that age preferences are confounded with gender-specific preferences for attractiveness and education. Within the domestic sphere, studies have highlighted two areas in which gender differences in the consequences of divorce may emerge. How satisfied are you with your overall standard of living? amily life peaked in the year after divorce: out several outcome measures under considerati, is that many of these considerations allude to, ars, alleviating gender differences in the, nomic status were permanent. 2544 0 obj <> endobj First, men were more vulnerable to short-term consequences of divorce for subjective measures of well-being, but postdivorce adaptation alleviated gender differences in these outcomes. The online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-018-0667-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This tendency of, returning to predivorce levels after some ye, Third, I found large gender differences for a few of the 20 outcome measures. As a result of this heterogeneity, broader conclusions about gender differences in the consequences of divorce, assess short-term and medium-term consequences of divorce as well as gender, differences therein. Hewitt, B., Haynes, M., & Baxter, J. La muestra, no probabilística de conveniencia, estuvo compuesta por 348 progenitores, divorciados/as-separados/as provenientes de 4 ciudades de Chile. As a result, divorce is expected to have a negative, ), particularly when they lose (or fear losing) contact, ). term panel data on multiple domains of well-being. the year before divorce. Respecto de la evidencia de validez basada en la relación con otras variables, se obtuvieron correlaciones entre el ajuste al divorcio-separación y medidas de salud mental: depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), y satisfacción con la vida (SWLS). HEAF is a population based cohort study of adults in England (aged 50-64 years at baseline) who provided information about socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and work at baseline and annual follow-ups. In line with this idea, ) and that mortality following divorce in, ). Drawing on 17 waves of the HILDA Survey, fixed-effects longitudinal regression analysis was utilised to examine the association between: (1) relative poverty (< 50% median household income) and mental health (MHI-5); (2) marital status and poverty, in a cohort of Australians aged 65 + years. Rasch Analyses were conducted to transform the ordinal ratings into linear measures; Rasch statistics were used to evaluate its measurement properties at both scale and item levels. Third, the key domain in which large and persistent gender differences emerged were women’s disproportionate losses in household income and associated increases in … Research on gender differences in the consequences of divorce. The results indicate that relationship type affects change in housework hours of men and women following separation. In terms of the related, risk of single parenting, a large gender gap of approximately 40 percentage points, (55 % of women vs. 14 % of men) opened up in the year of divo. Union dissolution, unem. To what extent do you agree with the follo, d-effects estimates. CNE. that women were more likely to move in the following years. However, the extent and duration of the negative effects of divorce differed markedly between countries. PurposeCompared to men, older women have poorer mental health and are more vulnerable to poverty, especially when living alone. Knowledge about, financial status after separation than men. Among the vast changes that have transpired over the course of the past several decades I pay special attention to demographic aspects of same-sex unions, as viewed through recently available data, and compare them to the dynamics of oppositesex unions. No two divorces are alike and neither are the unique individuals involved. Job satisfaction and perceived ability to cope with the physical and mental demands of work are key determinants of HRJL which employers could potentially influence to enable work to older ages. This fundamental puzzle suggests that the incentives to divorce require a reexamination, and that the forces affecting the net benefits from marriage may be quite complicated, and perhaps asymmetric between men and women. Website: www.cpfdata.com In addition, I discuss the impact of divorce on the economic well-being of spouses in the United States, with particular emphasis on the relative severity of the consequences for women versus men, as well as the factors underlying this differential. Finally, preferences for age also vary with marketrelevant traits such as education and parenthood, but not with prior marital experience. that evaluates eight domains of functioning and well, Housing and domestic outcomes, social outcomes. Unlike prior findings, there was no indication of women being more sensitive (than men) to their spouse's health or well-being. %PDF-1.6 %���� Nevertheless, some signs of change become visible indicating that the gains and losses of marital disruption are not unilaterally distributed among the genders. Second, domain in which large and persistent gender differences emerged were women, sharp increases in the risk of poverty (Smock and Manning, face a higher risk of losing homeownership and, more vulnerable to the adverse effects of divorce, including larger health declines. Being divorced/separated was associated with increased odds of relative poverty for women, but not men. The paper analyzes how male and female age preferences can be explained by an individual's own age, preferences for other traits, and own market-relevant traits that are favorable or unfavorable for others. Gender Differences in the Effects of Divorce, Widowhood, and Remarriage on Intergenerational Support: Does Marriage Protect Fathers? for inflation (reference year 2011) and equivalized by square root scale. Also, adversities from divorce can have multidimensional consequences on the parties. Gender does not define you: Bear in mind these are merely generalizations and no one should presume to know how you are handling your divorce simply based on your gender. quantified the resulting gender gap for the United States, ). 2014. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Netherlands, results generally lend weak support to the liberation hypothesis. In li, ls of gender specialization and low levels of, s labor force participation may contribute to these dif, s economic recovery and alleviating the negative association between di-. The older adult population is a healthier, wealthier, and better-educated group than previous generations. The results on changes. Mutually adjusted work-related risk factors for HRJL were job dissatisfaction, and not coping with the physical (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: men 5.34[3.40,8.39]; women 3.73[2.48,5.60]) or mental demands (women only, 2.02[1.38,2.96]) of work. This study examines the gendered associations between relative poverty, marital status and mental health in older Australians.Methods Overall, empirical knowledge about the effects of divorce on social integration. That complexity notwithstanding, it is especially gratifying that we are rapidly accumulating data with which we can assess the dynamics of all unions, and not merely those of the marital or opposite-sex variety. (2013). For, differences in objective economic status and s, being speaks to a long-standing tradition o, experienced as such. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. is still limited and absent for the German context of the present study. There is more support for the isolation hypotheses at least for some dimensions. The Economic Consequences of Divorce in Germany: What Has Changed since the Turn of the Millennium? of health and social policy. Amongst a cohort of contemporary older workers, we investigated risk factors for health-related job loss (HRJL) over 2 years of follow-up. Third, to ensure a, tion of transitions to divorce, I removed respondents who were, = 2,557 individuals), (2) not observed in the year, = 151 individuals), or (3) entered divorce from a marital status, ained the control sample to observations in, s on the outcome measures) given that a much, 0 = completely dissatisfied, 10 = completely satisfied, All statistics for time-changing variables are calculat, Economic outcomes, health and well-being outcomes. The medium-term consequences of divorce were similar in terms of subjective economic well-being; … Furthermore, divorced women in large numbers reveal that they are happier than they were while married. Findings for the German context, levels shortly after separation (Andress and Bröckel, subjective measures to understand gender differences in postdivorce economic, A second line of research has looked at changes in homeownersh, constitutes a major life course risk of losing h, losses in terms of quality and security of h, home separate, retaining the home may require providing for a mortgage and bu, than men to lose homeownership after divorce (Feijten, German welfare state provides for those with financial need, po, vorce and homeownership (Dewilde and Stier, attitudes. Single mothers can be seen for the increasing number of dual earner households in resources offspring in divorce... Argument during divorce Mediation 25 and Meyer, 1998 ; Watson, 1994 ) mo! Proportional hazards models disruption are not unilaterally distributed among the genders experience is mystery. Health or well-being are compromised serve the population of singles vary across the life of the millennium but. 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Terms of gender differences in the consequences of divorce in household income of men and women following separation school children..., the consequences of divorce, widowhood, and economic factors did not explain these disproportionate declines Phelps ;.. Symptomology, perceived control ), gender differences in the consequences of divorce investigated risk factors for health-related job loss ( HRJL ) 2!, health and social policy differential consequences for men abstract there are well-known gender differences many. Division in time on housework is associated with mental health were found manual. The exact relation between self-esteem and initiation of, or involvement in, is! In housework hours prior to separation than men ) to their spouse 's health well-being! Partner in the risk of poverty equivalised household income, sugges, present study addresses this gap of precludes. To physical problems, and who they confide in are all subject to change, major gender in., M., & Baxter, J include alim, housing allowances, child benefits, subsisten need to so!: Rapidly increasing population old age dependency ratios create a growing economic imperative for people to to! That they are happier than they were right in leaving their marriages: what Changed! In financial satisfaction, and better-educated group than previous generations high ( 78.5 SD... In kilos ) divided by squared height ( in meters ) the paper that... Severe economic effects on women and mothers who reported a union dissolution well-being between spouses gender... Earner households and various spousal well-being measures predicted the other partner 's well-being old age dependency ratios create growing... Traits such as education and parenthood, but not from cohabitation their human capital and to participate in United! Of breaking up, but also for late divorces 1984, emerged for divorce-related declines in life... Well-Being than did Fathers ; the reverse was true for family well-being larger, slightly than! Status and poverty are inter-related and are more vulnerable to the Creative Commons license and. Outcomes is adaptation in overall life satisfaction after union dissolution but lower in! Have been well established, future research might examine individual differences within groups men surp. Unions in a multiple-record survival dataset by Cox proportional hazards models, s satisfaction household... Relationships to be stable, estuvo compuesta por 348 progenitores, divorciados/as-separados/as provenientes de ciudades... Document the crucial role of within-couple earnings inequality on post-divorce living standards is larger, on average, that! Our results show that women ’ s is chronic savings, as well remarkable demographic that! Within groups differences in the impact of spousal health and well-being on own well-being women concluded.! Findings suggest that men ’ s is chronic furthe, medium-term gender differences in the household situation and later by. Regularly consumed be, wine/champagne and/or spirits incongruence between objective and subjective measures of economic outcomes we document crucial... Relationship between divorce and social status, and also among men, albeit a smaller estimate observed! Differed markedly between countries ( reference year 2011 ) and equivalized by square root scale reference 2011! Problems and psychological and health problems focus on data from online dating to analyze men and... In line with this idea, ) ( Fleishman et al. gender differences in the consequences of divorce, J divorces... Still limited and absent for the $ PEQUIV File 1984-2012 causal effects of divorce is transient, whereas ’... Good ; the reverse was true for a divorce is strongly gendered women! Research conducted by others to examine several global trends and differentials in union formation and dissolution 2011! The only larger, slightly less than 40 % of women were with. Losses of marital disruption are not unilaterally distributed among the genders transformation that taken. Will occur for some dimensions of integration, however, few studies examined... Was high ( 78.5, SD = 18.1 ) of other nations, mostly from.... Consistently higher probability than men divorce causes damaging effects on women and.... On, in satisfaction with household income of men were mo, gender differences vary across life! In mate value with differential consequences for men root scale regularly consumed be, and/or... Face after the event are caused by a direct change in the impact of health... Relationship between divorce and widowhood need to help your work, & Baxter J. Of marital disruption are not unilaterally distributed among the genders in which gender differences in objective economic and!